Sex And Age Disparity Among Teenagers - 1101 Words

Sex and Age Disparity in Teenage Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Anthony Kiprono PH 5302 04/30/2016 Second hand smoke is defined as the combination of smoke emitted by the burning end of cigarette or any other tobacco products and smoke emitted by the smoker. Individuals can be victims of secondhand smoke in various ways and places inkling the safety of being at home, vehicle, workplaces, parks and various public places. According to Jonathan, smoke contains over 200 poisonous gases, chemicals and metals in its smoke. Numerous public health research indicates that tobacco smoke causes cancer and cardiac diseases to non-smokers. According to the 2006 US Surgeon report, there is no safe level of exposure as far as secondhand smoking is a concern and on average in populations children are more exposed to secondhand smoking than in adults. Despite the level of exposure being on the decline between the years 1988-1994 and 1999-2004, children were still in the subgroup with the least level of decline as compared to other subgroups. This is a cause for concern and a reason for disparageme nt. The data for this research was obtained from a Korean Youth Risk Web Survey of 2013 from 64,449 teenagers aged between the ages 13 and 18 years old. The data was analyzed using multiple regression method. According to Hwang, secondhand smoking presents young adults as vulnerable in the population. Among the genders, it was observed that girls were exposed more times,Show MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1254 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Introduction Teenage pregnancy in the U.S is a major issue given the number of teens between age 15 and 19 years giving birth. The average teen pregnancy rate in America is about 57 per 1000 teens in 2010 (Knox 1). This has decreased to about 47 per 1000 teens, but at the state level, some states such as Texas have higher averages. Currently, the state of Texas recorded a rate of 73 teenage pregnancies per 1000 females aged between 15 and 19 years (Sayegh et al. 95). The main causeRead MoreBirth Control Access to Teens1463 Words   |  6 Pagesa means of managing safer sex, preventing the health risks and guarding them from the cycle of poverty. 1. Reasons for not allowing birth control to be given to teenagers A. It encourages sexual activity (Sex with many partners -promiscuity) B. Abstinence should be promoted 1. It is 100 percent effective 2. Sex is not for teenagers 11. Reasons for providing teenage girls access to birth control A. Easy access to birth control makes sex safer 1. PreventionRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1551 Words   |  7 Pagesa young age. Another major cause is the lack of guidance due to guardians that are blind or do not want to believe in such activities. These causes can have devastating effects on the teen and the newborn in the household. Some effects of early pregnancy will include an unexpected rise of responsibility for the teen and can cause many health concerns for both teen and newborn child. Teens experimenting are the leading cause in the unplanned pregnancies. As a teenager in high school ages there areRead MoreThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAn issue that is currently plaguing American teenagers today is the access to different types of contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The sexually active teenagers who have been given better access to contraception are less likely to become pregnant or contract an STD, in comparison to their peers who do not have access. With the prevention of teenage pregnancy, comes the prevention of futureRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesteen pregnancy which is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. The rates are still higher than they were only a decade ago. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forget abo ut their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers at very early age. College is almost always out of the question, graduating High School becomes a goal most teenage moms don t achieve. Young girls having babies isn t new, as a matter of fact, teenage parenthoodRead MoreComprehensive Preparation For A Complete Life1068 Words   |  5 Pageson how it should be done. Currently, there are two forms of education focused on reducing teen pregnancies: abstinence-only education and comprehensive sex education with birth control. However, sex education and birth control are clearly the superior option, due to its effectiveness and the futility of abstinence-only education. Comprehensive sex education with an emphasis on birth control is a much more effective educational tool to prevent teen pregnancy than abstinence-only education. FortunatelyRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Rates Have Reached An All Time High1565 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequence, high schools around the country have taken a decision to step up and take an action in decreasing the rate of teen pregnancy. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forget about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers at an early age. College is almost always out of the question, graduating high School becomes a goal most teenage moms do not achieve. Today, there are many types of birth control found in schools across the country;Read MoreEssay on Implications of Teenage Pregnancy in the United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagesapproximately 9 percent of Unite State teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 become pregnant every year. And even though some stu dies have shown that the incidence of teenage pregnancy has generally been in decline since 1991, the causes and effects of underage childbearing has continued to be a big burden on families, the public and government. Babies having babies is the simplistic way that some people have described the specter of having a baby while teenager are unprepared. The United State caseRead MoreEssay about The Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy1363 Words   |  6 Pages Before successfully preventing teen pregnancies among teenage girls, there are many underlying causes and facts about the dilemma that must be first exposed. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclearRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay 1667 Words   |  7 Pagesinfants. Unintended pregnancies span across age, race and religion, with a specific negative impact among the teenage population. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2016) In 2015, a total of 229,715 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years, for a birth rate of 22.3 per 1,000 women in this age group. Birth rates are also higher among Hispanic and African American adolescents than any other race. In 2014, Hispanic adolescent females ages 15-19 had the highest birth rate of 38 births

The Legacy Of Reconstruction During The Civil War Essay

America has gone though many political changes since its birth as a nation. Many presidents have come and gone, trying to bring about change, thus creating revolutionary moments in this country’s history. These â€Å"revolutionary movements† have created lasting impressions on the United States that helped mold the nation that it is today. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in America consisting of reuniting the country and pulling it from the economic catastrophe that stemmed from the Civil War. The reconstruction era had dealt with three separate plans: the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan and the congressional Plan. These plans, each with their own unique way of unifying the country and integrating newly freed blacks into American society, came with their pros and cons. Abraham Lincoln’s Plan Abraham Lincoln constructed a blueprint to reunite a broken America. Lincoln did not plan on punishing the South; he wanted to end the Civil Wars quick as possible. When Reconstruction began in 1865, a divided America had just finished fighting the Civil War. The objective of Reconstruction, or the Ten-Percent Plan, was mainly to stabilize the South economically. There was the intertwining problem that Lincoln faced reuniting a former slave population and a former rebellious population. The memory of massive death still was very present in the South, causing massive resentment. Lincoln wanted to achieve re-union as quickly as possible and ending slavery. HisShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â⠂¬Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagesreunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regarding this catastrophic conflictRead MoreU.s. Army And The Civil War965 Words   |  4 PagesArmy personnel were deeply involved throughout the process of reconstr uction. Beyond their tremendous effort to strengthen the Freedman’s Bureau, the military oversaw voter registration and elections, established schools, prohibited alcohol, tried to settle property disputes, contracted labor systems and most importantly, maintained law and order. The violence that erupted in the South during the years of reconstruction was dreadful. With military occupation, white violence against blacks did notRead MoreThe Impact Of Frederick Douglass And Abraham Lincoln1161 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact in the massive fight that was following the Civil War. As a result, Lincoln and Douglass did not completely change the way society functioned immediately after the Civil War, but they did make a dent. President Lincoln successfully ended the Civil War with a victory for the North. His efforts towards reuniting the country was a bumpy reunion; the South was awaiting its changes fearfully, but the North was joyous for the victory. During the war, Lincoln had issued the Emancipation ProclamationRead MoreTime Line 21050 Words   |  5 Pagesabolitionist movement including: a) The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin b) The Kansas-Nebraska Act c) The Compromise of 1850 d) The Underground Railroad | 1800-1870 | a. a book that describes how slaves were treated that helped fuel the civil war.b. allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.c. the balance of power between slave and free states following American acquisition of new territory in theRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1522 Words   |  7 PagesCosts The war produced about 1,030,000 casualties, including about 620,000 soldier deaths—two-thirds by disease, and 50,000 civilians. The war accounted for roughly as many American deaths as all American deaths in other U.S. wars combined. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6% in the North and 18% in the South. Union army dead, amounting to 15% of the over two million who served, was broken down as follows: Notably, their mortality rateRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War can be described as one of the bloodiest and gruesome war ever fought on American soil. The Civil War was fought between the Union and the Confederates. The Civil War lasted for 5 years and during that 5 year period many people ended up dying, 620,000 people to be exact and millions injured, but while the numbers can be appalling; it isn t even the beginning. The war led a schism to happen in the U.S, the whole country was di vided and devastated. Abraham Lincoln the president whoRead MoreThe Reconstruction of America after the Civil War1078 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War left a country divided not only by property lines and borders but by beliefs as well. Not just religious beliefs, moral beliefs also. It left both sides, north and south struggling, trying to figure out what their next move towards reuniting the divided America was going to be. The period following the end of the Civil War would become known as the â€Å"Reconstruction Era.† An era that raised just as many questions as it did answers. A reconstruction of America that seems to carry on manyRead MoreReconstruction Goals : Reconstruction And Reconstruction1296 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction Goals Reconstruction started in 1865 after the war was coming to an end and completed in 1877. It Is the process by which federal government controlled the former Confederate states and the conditions for their readmission to the union. Abraham Lincoln was our president at the time and could not form a treaty with the defeated government. After the emancipation, thousands of freedmen left their plantation to find a new life without being owned and forced to work. This began the

How important a contribution does the media make to American democracy Free Essays

string(132) " accountability and transparency are unavoidable in the pursuit of a well-functioning democratic state \(Welch Nunu, 1996\)\." Abstract The contribution of the media to democracy in the United States of America is undoubtedly essential for the proper functioning of the democratic process. Without the media the fundamental principles on which democracy is based, such as accountability and transparency would be sadly ignored as there would be little engagement with opposing schools of belief and contradictory accounts and arguments. This paper seeks to explore the role played by the media in democracy in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on How important a contribution does the media make to American democracy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now S in order to highlight the importance thereof in a democratic society. The paper concludes that although there is some measure of accountability needed to ensure responsible journalism, the importance is too great to attempt to quell the voice of the media as a public accountability mechanism. Introduction The role of the media in any democracy is multifaceted with as many advantages as disadvantages. Central to the concept of democracy is the idea of participation by the public in the relations of the state in order to effect change and allow the policy decisions to reflect the will of the majority (Goodhart, 2011). The media plays a role in a number of ways. At an abstract level, the media enforces inherent foundational principles of democracy such as accountability and transparency, which ensure that in a theoretical sense, the model of democracy to which the state subscribes is upheld in the truest form possible particular to the idiosyncrasies of that country. At a ground level, the media provides widespread information to the public so to as engage the general population on the issues of state and doing so whilst exposing the public to a variety of political information rather than the viewpoint of the ruling party or dominant ideology as decided by democratic election. It goes w ithout saying that in times of political election, the media has come to play an increasing role in the decision making process for the lay man who generally will only be exposed to this information through media outlets due to issues of apathy and a general ambivalence towards politics. In the case of the United States, the media arguably plays a larger role than any other similarly sized democratic country with widespread dissemination of information through a variety of media outlets such as traditional print media, to digital media in the form of broadcasting and most recently the widespread phenomenon of social media and internet presence. This paper seeks to explore the importance of the contribution made by the media to democracy in the U.S. In doing so, it will explore the importance of the media as an accountability mechanism both providing reactive information and encouraging a proactive stance on communication by the government. The paper will further go on to explore the particular power of the media in U.S democracy and in doing so analyse the appropriateness of the media in this role. This will conclude with a discussion as to the potential detrimental effects of heavy media presence in light of media bias, inflammatory practices, and the growing trend of unreliability in the media and irresponsible journalism. Through this exploration and analysis, the importance of the contribution to democracy made by the media will be determined in order to reach a conclusion as to the suitability of this kind of public accountability for the purposes of furthering American democracy. Foundational Principles of American Democracy Regardless of political ideology, there are a number of foundational principles on which democracy is based and with regards to which the media plays an important role. Amongst these principles are transparency and accountability. In recent years, since the economic recession of 2007/8, these principles are becoming increasingly more important These concerns garner global public concern for the administration of government with regards to policy making and implementation which was brought to a head with this economic collapse and the subsequent unveiling of a plethora of questionable policy decisions for which there was little transparency of process and even less avenues for accountability (Stromberg Prat, 2011). Transparency and accountability are two concepts that are not exclusive to democracy, nor politics generally. These two principles are inextricably linked in terms of democratic pursuit, as democracy is based on the ideology of having a government elected by the people for a greater representation of public opinion and therefore a government that is more representative of the current state of affairs in the country generally. With the need for democratic accountability and transparency becoming of unprecedented importance, the former skepticism of the American people at the level of intervention by the government needs to be reformed (McKay, 2009). The role of the media is pivotal for mediating the relationship between the general public and the government in two ways. The first relates to the role of the media as a government ‘watch dog’ (Francke, 1995), which is a common denominator of many democratic countries. In these scenarios, the media disseminates information to ensure widespread coverage of political happenings, generally brought on by the absence of such adequate communication by the state itself (Ibid). The second role of the media is inherent in this as it compels the government to be more consistent with the communication with public, as this allows a certain measure of control. It is no secret that often media sources are biased, inflationary and unreliable (Knight Chiang, 200 8). Greater cooperation with a suitable standard of communication therefore will ensure that the correct information is relayed to the public and will allow the state a certain measure of control over the information which is made available. In doing so, therefore the media plays an important role in upholding democratic principles on which the American democracy is based. The role of the media in American democracy understands the fundamental truth of having freedom of speech and civil rights as base foundational principles of a political system and simply put, this truth is that accountability and transparency are unavoidable in the pursuit of a well-functioning democratic state (Welch Nunu, 1996). You read "How important a contribution does the media make to American democracy?" in category "Essay examples" The Power of the Media Jean Adriane Voltaire famously said that with great power comes great responsibility and in the case of mass media in the U.S, this statement could hold no greater truth (Payandeh, 2010). The forming of public opinion around that of the media in its various forms is common place in most democracies, however particularly prevalent in American society due to the commonality of following of common forms of pop culture. Therefore accessibility of the state to the public through media is at an all time high. Democracy as a concept does more than foster ideals, it advances public interest (Kono, 2006). The perception therefore that the media creates of the state will have a direct impact in the advancement of the interests of the public. The need for accountability of the media is as a result as important as the accountability that they are projecting onto the state, as reckless journalism can have a potentially devastating effect on public perception of state practices and policies (Penen berg, 2009). The basis for this power stems from the mainstream place of the media. It means that the media has the power to engage the apathetic voter and because there is little motivation for any further engagement, the opinion of the apathetic citizen will be replaced with the consistent supply of information given to this voter by these media outlets. Indeed, it has been opined that this power to engage minority groups and voters that would otherwise not engage in democratic process has the potential to change the landscape for democratic elections in the future for leaders representative of a minority, such as African-American groups and women as seen in the 2008 national elections in the U.S (Wagner, 2010). This power is arguably of greater benefit than disadvantage to the democratic process, as it encourages some kind of political engagement from otherwise apathetic voters (Mattson, 2003). This must however be carefully contrasted to the potential detriment of such engagemen t, particularly if these opinions are based on false account of fact. Presumably however the deciding factor in such a balancing act would be in the reform of the general attitude towards governmental practice as a generational effect. It can be argued that this engagement with the public by the media is superficial however will foster an attitude of inquisition of the general person towards affairs of the state which may only be of relevance to later generations however can be seen as a long term solution to combating apathy (Gurevitch et al, 2009). The importance of the contribution made by the media therefore, not only has a short term effect on democratic legitimacy, but has equal importance for the survival of responsible and accountable democratic process in the future. Provision of a Variety of Political Communication One can conceptualize a scenario where there was no media intervention in the communication of political affairs to the general public. In this scenario, the ideology of the dominant party or leader would be the only opinion forwarded as official government communication. This however is not consistent with democracy as an ideology of political functioning. Whilst arguably this scenario represents one reductio ad absurdum, it highlights the value of the media as essential for public communication in a responsible democratic process, as it provides a variety of opinions from a range of sources to the general population (Mutz Martin, 2001). The provision of information in this way has the effect of allowing a holistic view of the political happenings of a country. Although interestingly, the evolution of new media has had somewhat of a counterintuitive effect. The evolution of media currently in the U.S sees loyalty amongst certain outlets to various political leaders and political pa rties. This is compounded by the fact that social media has allowed citizens to tailor the way that they receive information, so that there is no unauthorized exposure of any kind of information without the explicit approval of the person receiving that information (Ibid). The obvious effect of this evolution means that voters are able to receive information from biased sources without the inclusion of any contradictory opinion, and despite the potential for divergence of opinion from that which is being received, because the voter will not ever see the alternative opinion, there is the potential for formation of generally biased opinions towards or against certain groups, leaders or parties. Despite the potential detriment that this bias may present, it still maintains an inherent value for accountability of the state. By providing citizens with some basis for political opinion, the media is ensuring that citizens are not only informed, but done so in a way that creates groups of differing opinion which will inherently lead to debate and accountability mechanisms through support or discontent (DESA, 2006). Moreover which, the nature of democratic process and political strategy means that opposing groups of ideology will continuously be campaigning for accountability of their opposition and in doing so will hold those groups to account through transparency and debate (Gurevitch, 2009). The evidence of such strategies in the U.S is clear as there is a large reliance on the media by the dominant parties, Republican and Democrat, as a means to rallying political discourse between the public, the government, the international community and other interested parties. The import ance therefore of the contribution made by the media to democracy is exemplary, as even if a scenario where the government had adequate means of communication with the public, the media provides a holistic view of the system without prejudice or concern for public image thereof. In doing so, the media continues to uphold and enforce the fundamental tenets of democracy. Conclusion It is clear from the examination of the role played by the media that there are fundamental advantages and disadvantages in the positioning of the media as a mediator between the state and the citizens of a country. This is particularly evident in the case of the U.S due to an overwhelming reliance on the media as a means of public accountability. The importance however of the contribution made by the media to democracy as an ideology on which the state is run is inexplicably valuable. Despite the potential for media bias, reckless journalism and inflammatory practices, there can be no enforcement of principles of accountability and transparency on which democracy is based without the presence of the media in all the traditional and evolved forms. As a means of general education and engagement with the public, the media is the easiest and most effective means of gauging public opinion and rallying voter support in times of election. The antithesis of democracy is apathy and the value of the media in combating this apathy through the reach that it has to younger generations, as well as disengaged minorities and misinformed majorities positions the media as an essential contributor to the furtherance of democracy in the United States. It can therefore be concluded that despite the need for accountability mechanisms for the media to ensure responsible journalism, there is a greater need for the use of these outlets to ensure continued and potentially greater success of democratic process in the United States. References Davies, J. Trounstine, J. (2009) ‘Urban Politics and the New Institutionalism’ in Susan Clarke, Peter John and Karen Mossberger (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics, Oxford University Press pp. 51-70 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2006) ‘Public Administration and Democratic Governance: Governments Serving Citizens’ United Nations Secretariat ST/ESA/PAD/SER.E/98 Francke, W (1995) ‘The Evolving Watchdog: The Media’s Role in Government Ethics’ The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 537(1), pp. 109-121 Goodhart, M. (2011) ’Democratic Accountability in Global Politics: Norms, not Agents’ The Journal of Politics, 73(1), pp 45 – 60 Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S. Blumer, J. (2009) ‘Political Communication –Old and New Media Relationships’ The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625, pp 164 – 181 Knight, B. Chiang, C.F. (2008) ‘Media Bias and Influence: Evidence from Newspaper Endorsements’ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge: NCER Kono, D. Y. (2006) ‘Optimal Obfuscation: Democracy and Trade Policy Transparency’ The American Political Science Review, 100(3), pp. 369-384 Mattson, K. (2003) Engaging Youth: Combating the Apathy of Young Americans Toward Politics. New York: Century Foundation Press McKay, D. (2009) American Politics and Society 7ed. Chicestor: Blackwell Publishing Mutz, D. Martin P. (2001) ‘Facilitating Communication across Lines of Political Difference: The Role of Mass Media’ The American Political Science Review, 95(1), pp. 97-114 Payandeh, M. (2010) ‘With Great Power Comes Great ResponsibilityThe Concept of the Responsibility To Protect Within the Process of International Lawmaking’ The Yale Journal of International Law, 35, pp. 468 – 515 Penenberg, A.L. (2009) ‘Ethics, Law and Good Practice’ in Journalism Handbook for Students, New York: NYU Stromberg, D. Prat, A. (2011) ‘The Political Economy of Mass Media’ [online] Available on: [Accessed 25 August 2012] Wagner, A. (2010) ‘Reviews / Recensions: Hillary Clinton’s Race for the White House: Gender Politics and the Media on the Campaign Trail, Regina G. Lawrence and Melody Rose, Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2010, pp. x, 277’ Canadian Journal of Political Science, 43(3), pp 792 – 793 Welch, G. Nuru, Z. (2006) Governance for the Future: Democracy and Development in the Least Developed Countries Geneva: United nations How to cite How important a contribution does the media make to American democracy?, Essay examples

Characterization of George Milton Essay Example For Students

Characterization of George Milton Essay George Milton Character Analysis George Milton is a protagonist from the book Of Mice and Men. George Milton is a quick-witted man who is Lennies guardian, best friend and protector. Georges physical description is described as quick of face with restless eyes and sharp strong features. Through the main character George Milton, John demonstrates his naturalistic ideals and belief in Determinism. He is illustrated by being a rational, caring and trustworthy person whose static characterization throughout the novel. George symbolizes the migrant workers way of life. He leads a nomadic existence, moving from ranch to ranch to find work. The only thing that keeps him going is his dream of owning his own ranch, although deep down he knows it is only an illusion and will never actually happen. He represents a responsible common man who takes care of another common man that has disabled with living life and reaches their dream together. Like most caregivers, George was extremely nice and caring to Lennie, most of the time. Miltons rationality and concern for Lennie urges him to ompel Lennie to remove the aged mouse from his pocket only because he knows that it is not healthy for him to be carrying it around. He would lose patience at times and ramble about what a hardship it was to drag Lennie everywhere. He needs Lennies friendship to stave off his major fear, which is loneliness. He is loyal to Lennie because he knows that he is an innocent but outwardly his attitude is one of intolerance. George has a strong understanding of the possibilities in a situation and, as Lennies self-appointed protector, he has to think and plan for him too. But deep down it was clear that their relationship was something they both needed. Georges personality often reflects both anger and understanding. He is the one who thinks things through and considers how their goals can be reached. Georges distinguishing personality traits, which he displays in the book, are compassion, cleverness and idealism. George faces various challenges throughout the novel, and Steinbecks vivid descriptions made his character come to life. Georges compassion played a major role in helping him overcome his challenges.

Aristotles Tragedy essays

Aristotles Tragedy essays Aristotle defines Greek tragedy by the presence of a great mistake performed by the protagonist due to particular flaws, which leads to an inevitable sequence of events. One of the flaws is that of Hubris, the capital sin of pride, and thus the antithesis of two ethics that the Greeks valued highly. Aidos (humble reverence for the law) and Sophrosyne (self-restraint, a sense of proper limits). In Greek Literature, hubris often afflicted rulers and conquerors who, though endowed with great leadership abilities, abused their power and authority and challenged the divine balance of nature to gratify their own vanity and ambition. Aristotles Poetics both described and prescribed the structure of drama as it had evolved by the fourth century BC . One of the passages consists of this; The best plot...will consist in a change of fortune... from prosperity to misfortune, occasioned not by depravity but by some great mistake... Tragedy having this construction is the finest kind of trag edy from an artistic point of view. Aeschylus Agamemnon accompanies the description of tragedy very well, due to Agamemnons actions (which include mainly the great mistake), lack of Aidos and lack of knowledge. He fell from extreme prosperity from returning home after the war, to extreme misfortune, being killed by Clytaemnestra. The play Agamemnon fits this poetic very well and lies within the relationship of the protagonist to the inevitable sequence of events. The inevitable sequence of events starts with Agamemnon having a tremendous flaw that plagued him throughout the story of the Trojan War as well as his return to his home. This flaw starts his downfall to death by allowing him to perform the great mistake. That flaw was Hubris, the capital sin of pride. In Greek Literature, hubris often afflicted rulers and conquerors who, though endowed with great leadership abilities, abused thei...

Rational Expression Example

Rational Expression Example Rational Expression – Coursework Example Week One Discussion: Domains of Rational Expressions In simple words, the domain is the values (input) that go into a function (or a relation). In Real Number System, division by a zero is not defined that is it cannot be done. A rational number is expressed as a fraction that is a numerator divided by a denominator (p/q, q≠ 0). Many functions are defined using both a numerator and a denominator. Therefore, if we take the denominator value as a zero, the function (or relation) will be undefined according to the Real Number System. This is the reason why a denominator cannot be zero.My first rational expression is (g^2 – 6g – 55)/g. The denominator value is g. To find the excluded value(s) for the rational expression, I need to set the denominator equal to zero.g = 0Thus, domain (D) for my first expression is the set of all real numbers excluding 0. In set notation, this can be written as D = {g | g ∈ â„Å", g ≠  0}My second expression is (k^3 + k) /(k^2 + k – 42). The denominator value is (k^2 + k – 42). To find the excluded value(s) for the rational expression, I need to set the denominator equal to zero. k^2 + k – 42 = 0 –42 is the product of 7 and –6, and k is the sum of 7k and –6k. Therefore, k^2 + (7 – 6)k + (7)(–6) = 0 k^2 + 7k – 6k + (7)(–6) = 0 Taking k common from the first two terms and –6 coming from last two terms k(k + 7) – 6(k + 7) = 0 (k + 7)(k – 6) = 0 Setting each factor equal to zero. (k + 7) = 0 or (k – 6) = 0From both sides, subtracting 7 from first expression and adding 6 to second expression. k = –7 or k = 6Thus, domain (D) for my second expression is the set of all real numbers excluding –7 and 6. In set notation, this can be written as D = {k | k∈ â„Å", g ≠  –7, 6}Now, both of my rational expressions have excluded values in their domains. In the first expression, the exclud ed value is 0. The value of zero is excluded from the domain of the first expression because if inserted will make denominator value equal to zero, and thus, whole expression would become undefined. In the second expression, the excluded values are –7 and 6. The value of –7 and 6 are excluded from the domain of the second expression because if inserted will make denominator value equal to 0, thus, whole expression would become undefined.

Human-wk2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human-wk2 - Essay Example According to Reeve (2009) will is the part of the mind that does the thinking, planning and intentions before action is taken. This means to me that we have to acknowledge the place that will has in what we do. I feel that I have a strong will to achieve. I also believe that drive is very important when you are going through any situation. For me, drive is important as I go through my education because sometimes it seems overwhelming. My drive comes from the fact that I want to see my children grow up and have a fulfilling life. Freuds Drive Theory suggests that we are all motivated to do things in order to satisfy our needs (Reeve, 2009). The mini-theory that I would apply to my goal is the goal-setting theory. According to this theory, different goals motivate us in different ways and you will approach goals differently depending on what you want. Freuds theory was not scientifically testable and he did not go far enough for factors that related to learning and experience. He also did not understand that drive was more than bodily needs. However, the goal setting theory expands it to let us know that there is more to life than only what we see. The mini-theory also helps with the will theory because it takes it beyond an understanding that Descartes saw and makes it a more tangible outcome. My friend decided that the person to be saved would be the one year old. The explanation that they gave was the fact that the five year old had already lived awhile and the one year old had not. In order to save only one in this tragedy, they would save the most vulnerable which to them was the one year old. In a sense, it would be very difficult for anyone to allow one child to die and let another live in a situation like this because the first answer is always, "I would save them both." Some people cannot even fathom not being able to save both children. In

Individual Marketing Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Marketing Analysis Paper - Essay Example Furthermore, marketing analysis plays a great role in providing reliable, precise, appropriate and current information to the management. Increase in competition and the hike in production costs because of poor decision-making calls for market analysis to provide sound information to evade poor returns. It helps marketing managers to connect various marketing variables with the environment and customers (Kotler, 2008). Failure to have relevant information, consumer’s responses cannot be predicted in a reliable and accurate manner. Marketing research involves various forms like advertising analysis, which entails tracing the effectiveness of advertisements for any medium. This can be assessed by examining the ability of the medium to communicate the message, create a brilliant image for the brand and induce the consumer to buy the product or service. Demand analysis is also a core part in market analysis. It involves determination of the approximate level of demand of a certain product or service. This entails research on the prospective clientele who are enthusiastic and able to purchase the given product at a particular time. Notably, distribution analysis is a key area in marketing analysis at it provides sound information on the distributors and retailers attitudes towards the product or service on offer (Kotler, 2008). ... Product position involves changing the way target consumers view products or services offered relative to the identity of competing products in the market. Effective product positioning is depended upon identification of the product uniqueness, its distinguishing functions and fairness in its price (Kotler, 2008). Product positioning involves various processes, which include, identification of other competitors in the market offering same products, getting knowledge on how competitors position their businesses. This comparison of business positioning enables competitors to know the vital and the most viable areas for differentiation. Additionally, developing positioning statement messages to be used for effective communication is fundamental in any positioning strategy. This study establishes that, in a rapidly changing market, it is advisable to reposition the whole company instead of only repositioning the product line. This does not only involve marketing challenge, but also judgi ng on how a market is adjusting and most critical how firm’s competitors will react. On the other hand, competitive positioning involves coming up with strengths and weaknesses of prevalent and able competitors in the market. This analysis provides room for identification of viable opportunities and threats to the business prosperity (Kotler, 2008). Principally, it is easier for a seller to generate new prospects and direct them to buy his/her products if the market clearly sees how his products are unique as compared to the ones offered by competitors in the market. The key element in positioning strategy involves value proposition. We have three vital types of value, namely Operational excellence, consumer closeness and product leadership. Consumer perception of

What Is Eco-Social Market Economy Research Paper

What Is Eco-Social Market Economy - Research Paper Example Formulated as a network of individuals, organizations as well as groups, the Global Marshall Plan is aimed at achieving the eco-social market economy with a view to bringing in changes that can sustain the planet earth. This research will, therefore, provide an empirical insight into the Global Marshall Plan for the eco-social market economy.This project will attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Global Marshall Plan for developing an eco-social market economy. This research study, therefore, will attempt to evaluate the ideas, debates, practical actions taken by the organizations as well as groups and individuals in achieving the desired objectives. What is also critical to understand that this research project will attempt to provide a sneak preview of how the implementation of the Global Marshall Plan can result in the creation of the eco-social market economy?This research study aims to address the following research objectives:- Whether implementation of the plan is practically possible?- What shall be strategic direction of the actions to be undertaken?- Whether there is a need for implementing new regulations to achieve the intended objectives of the Plan- Whether there must be an adaptation of a global approach to achieve the objectives?- What shall be the role of different stakeholders?The pace of economic development in the recent past, especially after World War 2 has been really quick which further allowed the organizations to exploit the resources at the speed that was really unprecedented in the human history. The increasing pace with which the forces of globalization took their place was something that has been relatively more quickly and with enormous consequences not for the economics as well as the social context of the economies but also the environment also.

Company and market analysis of Nokia

Company and market analysis of Nokia Nokia Corporation has been known well as the worlds No.1 manufacturer of mobile phones. The head-quarter of Nokia Corporation is located in Finland and it is quite active in electronic industry. It is organized well by some key executives. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo is the current president and CEO of the company. Timo Ihamuotila is the CFO. Mary T.Mcdowell is Executive VP. Isabel Marey-Semper and Keijo Suila are the directors. Dame Majorie Scardino is the director and vice chairman as well. According to Nokia official website (2010), the company is under function by an amount of 123553 employees at the end of 2009.In 2009, Nokias net sales were 41.0 billion, with a reported operating profit of EUR 1.2 billion. Nokias products are so famous and can even complete with the worlds other top rank mobile manufacturers such as Motorola, Sony Ericsson and Samsung. Now Nokia is nearly reach the peak of the cell phone market. It is divided into four major segments which are Devices, Services, market and solutions, and NAVTEQ. Nokia also has a partnership with Munich-based Siemens. The combination of their intelligence in the industry has build up Nokia Siemens Networks and makes them become No.3 player in the wireless networking equipment market and on top of it are Ericsson and Arcatel-Lucent. 2. Company Overview 2.1 History Nokia Corporation is the worlds leading manufacturer of mobile phones, with a worldwide share of 27 percent, surpassing the runner up, Ericsson. Ericsson has a worldwide share of 17 percent. The net sale generated by Nokia Mobile Phone business group is about two-third of their total sales. Nokia Mobile Phone business group is also doing Nokia Networks, which has 30 percent of the net sales. Nokia Networks is the global supplier of infrastructure for mobile, fixed, broadband, and Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Nokia Corporation has generated more than half of its sales in Europe, a quarter in Americas, and 22 percent in Asia-Pacific. The company has been in business for 135 years and has evolved from a concentration in pulp, paper, and other basic industries which focuses on telecommunication. Most importantly, Nokia Corporation focuses on the revolution of telecommunication in the mid-1990 and beyond. Nokia has now become one of telecommunications most profitable companies. From 1988 to 1993, Nokia consumer electronic business was unable to find buyers and nearly lost US$1 billion, which cause Ollila to cut 45 percent of the workforce, shuttered plants, and centralized operations. Ollila has been successfully by bringing innovative products into the market. This gave Nokia an advantage over cell phone research and development with the Acquisition of the United Kingdom Technophone Ltd. The company started selling the cell phone for US$57 million. Ollilas occupation has brought Nokia success and global recognition. The sale of the company doubled from 15.5 billion in 1991 to 36.8 billion in 1995. The outcome rebounded from a net loss of 723 million in 1992 to 2.2 million profit in 1995.Nokias capitalization multiplied ten times from 1991 to 1994. In the late 1995, Nokia suf fered a temporary setback due to the shortage of chips for its cell phone. The production cost has gone up and lost most of the profit. With this, Nokia was slightly ahead of the market, particularly in North America. Not long after the incident, a rivalry, called Motorola, appeared with greater quantity of phones but sadly their sales and technology was very slow. Due to that situation, Nokia rise to the top position. In 1997, the 6100 series was introduced and became popular because of its small size. Soon after that, the 6100 series went worldwide and sold nearly 41 million phones in 1998. Besides that, Nokia has begun pursuing aggressively on the mobile internet sector. They have produced Nokia 9000Communicator, which is only for business use, as well as surfing the internet. Nokia 8110 mobile phone can also surf the internet. In the end of 1990s, Nokia has already ascended to the top position of the wireless world. This trend has continued into the 21st century and has increased the production of new cell phones with wireless and internet technology. Nokia has now become a formidable competitor to other phone company. Nevertheless, Nokia spend US$2 billion a year on research and development and to continue to produce new innovative products which concentrates on various standards. . 2.2 Nokias Product Nokia came out with mobile and slowly developed from a big bulky phone into a smaller compatible hand phone. Just like what we know, the Nokia brand produce the mobile phone for people to have an easier life. In 1982, Nokia have its 1st phone on market that is Mobira Senator. In 2007, The 1st N series phone with Xenon flash have been produced, N82. As time goes by, Nokia changes by not using antenna, and by attaching camera to its specifications. Nokia has come out with an application call the OVI services this can help Nokia users to connect to the internet via your hand phone to ease the users from having the trouble of driving or finding an operation centre. Beside that, Nokia also provide the service such as the Come with Music, My Nokia and Nokia Messaging. Below in the picture you can see that Nokia hand phones are fully developed. Nokia has simplified their product into different categories. This category has been divided into series such as C, X, E, N, and S. C stands for voice-centric handsets. X stands for entertainment. E stands for business focused. N stands for high-end. S stands for limited editions. Nokia implants different functions on different series of its product in order to make its product line clear to make sure the customers can purchase its products with the functions they needed. Nokia N900 is one of the specific products among Nokia products. It is also the current best Nokia phone. It has slide sliding QWERTY keyboard design which can hardly be found on other Nokia product. It has all the essential functions implanted inside thus having other high technological functions as well such as WLAN, accelerometer and proximity sensor, high pixel camera with auto focus, and Maemo 5 operation system which makes it powerful enough as a mini computer in the mobile world. 2.2.1 Nokia latest Product The picture above is Nokia N90. Nokia N900 is the current best phone among Nokia products. It has obtained all the necessary function for a mobile phone yet it obtained other superior function as well. It has a 3.5 inches screen with accelerometer sensor. It has a full QWERTY keyboard too. Unlike other normal phone, it has included 32GB internal memory which is the largest capacity for the mean time. It also obtains a 5 megapixel camera branded by Carl Zeiss optics. All of these make it become an unbeatable opponent in mobile market but these are not the main focus on Nokia N900. The highlight of this phone is its superior performance of its function. It has included one and only operation system in the current cell phone market which is Maemo 5. With the support of this operation system, it has been called as mini laptop because its function can even complete with a laptop. 2.3 Nokia Sales Table 1- The market sales in year 2009 and 2010 Source: Gartner The Table 1 shows the Worldwide Mobile Device Sales to End Users in 2009 and 2010. As we can see from the table above, Nokia is the one with highest market share among other company. Nokia Corporation is doing well in their business. Nokia are one of the famous and popular Companies to everyone. The total sale units show in 2009, 286,122.3 and the units that Nokia sold in 2009 are 105,413.4 which are 36.8% of the market share at that time. For this year 2010, total sales in market of all the company is 325,556.8 and Nokia total units sales are 111,473.8 which are much more than previous year but the market share decrease. Form this we can know that there are more users need mobile phone. Although that market share of Nokia decrease in year 2010 but it still stay on the top 1.Nokia can stay on the top of sales in their product , this can show how Nokia did well in satisfy the customer needs and wants. After Nokia, Samsung is the one on the second place. It has 19.3% of market sharing in 2009 and 20.1% in 2010. Samsung will become the most effective competitor if this situation continues. Other than Samsung, there have more Nokias competitors; there are LG, Research in Motion, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Apple, HTC, ZTE, GFive, and other so on. 2.4 Competitor Direct Competitor Comparison NOK ERIC MOT PVT1 Industry Market Cap: 36.94B 33.72B 19.56B N/A 54.73M Employees: 129,746 87,413 53,000 N/A 372.00 Qtrly Rev Growth : 0.90% -8.00% -1.50% N/A 10.20% Revenue: 53.68B 27.96B 21.63B 95.89B1 138.63M Gross Margin : 32.51% 37.16% 35.47% N/A 40.35% Operating Margin : 6.92% 11.12% 5.23% N/A 6.96% Net Income : 1.25B 603.23M 385.00M 4.37B1 N/A EPS : 0.34 0.19 0.17 N/A 0.06 P/E : 29.55 56.42 50.79 N/A 14.65 PEG (5 yr expected): N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A P/S : 0.69 1.21 0.90 N/A 0.72 Table 2- Direct Competitor Comparison ERIC = LM Ericsson Telephone Co. MOT = Motorola Inc. Pvt1 = Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Industry = Communication Equipment Source: HOOVERS As you can see in the table above, Nokia has the highest in Market Capital with 36.94 billion compared with Ericsson, Motorola, and Samsung. It is clearly shown that Nokia is the highest so far, as profitable as it seems the number of employees also exceeds the expectation of that company. With 129,746 employees Nokia seems to be making quite a profitable income and with more employees comes greater expectation of a company. Though some handsets value as more than fashion accessories, it has come too succumbed that it still fuels the market growth. The Three Top Nokia Competitors consist of LM Ericsson which is located at Stockholm, Sweden, Motorola Inc located at Schaumburg, IL and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd at Seoul, South Korea is very competitive about finding customers. To boost sales, Nokia will have to come up with a way of finding what specification suits the needs of the customers. Nokia will have to go all out to find and battle other competition in order to gain attention and attraction. Nokia competitive advantage would be mobility workforce of the company and with this advantage comes increase market share and revenue growth. Choosing what is necessary is essential in building a company and brand name, without this Nokia is bound to be doom. Next is the LM Ericsson telecommunications, is placed second in the table above due to lack of network equipment supplier. Most probably, LM Ericsson is placed second because of lack of resources and employees. Without the proper tools LM Ericsson is lead to believe that Noki a is a formidable opponent. Compared to Motorola, LM Ericsson is very much ahead of them, the gross margin of LM Ericsson is higher by 1.69% compared to Motorola and 4.65% to Nokia. This makes LM Ericsson the lead in gross margin. Seeing that Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd is not benefitting this is due to lack of planning. They are operating in a Market that is dominated by companies which are better. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd has the highest net income and revenue compared to Nokia, Motorola, and Ericsson. Nokia can be expanded through advertising and on websites. A comparison shows that Nokia is still the leading handset company up to date. With Quarterly Revenue Growth of 0.90% Nokia is bound to soar in markets. Technology like Nokia nowadays can help users to interact smoothly with each other. Not to mention, Nokia has come up with plans to increased sales by putting software and different technology into handsets. Now from a simple touch of a button users can locate when and where they want to go. Conclusion, with flexibility and improved productivity Nokia will have a competitive advantage in markets. 2.5 Nokias Aim and Goal According to Nokia Webpage (2010), the aim of Nokia Company is providing innovative, high quality products and services which help people connect with each other. They want their product to be used at every kind of people which include people have problem to use the normal hand phone. Nokia has been studying environmental aspects of design for more than 10years and they are working to continuously improve the sustainability of all their products and services. They are making their products for people easier to live sustainable lifestyle. 3. Situation of Nokia Company Nokia Company Nokia, as a one of the worlds largest telecommunications equipment manufactorersIn telecommunication industry, nokia brand are famous and become a leading brand being in markets and business that has expanded greatly in every area to fulfill the customers needs. Nokia produces mobile and other telecomunications equiqment for applications even for every main market and protocal which also include the GSM, CDMA ans WCDMA. Strength According to the Nokia, the strength of Nokia Company is the strong brand name they have. Nokia release their products with more advantages than other because of the strong name brand that acceptable, reliable and trustable for customers. Nokia also have a wide network of promotion and selling their product which make Nokia stronger than the other telecommunication company. Nokia Company has the group such as high quality and professional teams in the Human Resource Development Department which make the Nokia Company have a strong backed. Nokias product are user friendly and contain all the accessories satisfy their customer, this is one of the reason that make Nokia become No.1 selling mobile phones in the world. Their products are also affordable for all class of people. Weakness Nokia Company is a successful company on the world but it still has some weakness. The weakness like the products price that offered by the company. Although most of their products are high quality and user friendly but the price is not. Some of the Nokias products are cannot afforded by some lower class of the society people. These led those products hard to sell and make the market of those product fail at the end. Opportunity Nokia opportunity is to expand their business all around the world. With Nokia Companys strength, which have a wide network of sale and promotion, features and different price range for different people, make its have the advantages more than the competitors. As an example, Nokia use to improve the equipment and knowledge of the phone to make a better product, so that can increase the customers attraction. By doing this, it can attraction new customers and purchase phone under the Nokia brand name. Other than that, Nokia also use the innovation to recreate their products. They offer what other competitors have offer to their customer and this make the Nokia have own style. At the same time, Nokia also target right customer at the right time, for an example, Telecom penetration in India is take action when the level of the living standard in India has increased. They also can afford to buy a phone as well, so this make Nokia have opportunity to expand their business as wide as possibl e. Threats Nokia, been as the top sales among the other competitors. The ranking of it remain at top until today and Nokia need to maintain its position as a market leader. The threats that Nokia facing may be something like offer new features, style and type of product and services. Because of the competition around, Nokia need to make strategies to overcome those problems in present and future. For an example, Once the WLL network growing demand, the sales of Nokia will drop. This is why Nokia provides many less CDMA phone as they can to customer. Critical issue Programmed and Market Threats Programmed threats can definitely cause significant damage. The personal information of Nokia can be copied and get sent to any rival companies, confidential information can also be modified, and the configuration can be reset to allow subsequent unauthorized access, leaving an open entry to all intruders. The services provided by Nokia can be extended but the clients will start to worry about the Nokia Company and will start questioning the Companys security to safe guard their personal information. Nokia would have to face consequences if their system is used as strategic launch points for broader distribution of programmed threat software. In addition, Nokia Company has a low popularity of Symbian Operating System. Most of the rivalry such as Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Apple and Motorola are now using the new the Google Android Operating System, which is better than Symbian Operating System. The Apple Company is taking up shares from the Nokia Company and their IPhone is the most pop ular mobile devices all over the world. There are now new entrants are entering the market following Apple such as Dell, Google, and Acer. In 2009, Nokia Company now owns 36.4% of the market, and Samsung is the second runner-up with 19.5% of the market. Motorola and Sony Ericsson may now be an annoyance to the other two companies but it will change soon. Nokia isnt expected to solve its problem anytime soon. For year, Nokia has been confident with its Symbian System and didnt explore the system because there wasnt much competition. During that time, Apples experts have been coming up with ideas and they have come up with Googles Android OS which got Nokias Symbian caught in a shocked. On the other hand, Nokia responded by having their cell phone market share increased from 35-40%. Samsung and Motorola have been chipping away at their competitors market share and are delivering phones to consumers at a reasonable price. Low-Cost threats and New Rivals There are also some issues with the cost of the company. Nokia Company has been concentrating on their traditional competitors such as Motorola, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, and Siemens. Nokia Company has been focusing on how to compete with their competitors through mobile phones, market shares, and technology, that they allowed other low-cost company to be successful and has entered the market steadily. The low-cost company that has been successful is the Chinese low-cost competitor Huawei, whose company is now the leader in fixed-line networks, mobile-telecommunication networks, and Internet. Then another company, known as the Vizio, a little LCD TV supplier that took lead in the premium brand for five years and became the North American market leader in large-format TVs. These low-cost companies built their name and momentum slowly and in a smart way by paying close attention to the market and competing in an undeveloped segment in the market. Competition between low-cost competitors can go unnoticed due to their ranking in the market. With these said, it shows that Nokia Company has been too arrogant and comfortable with their position that they have made a blind spot for themselves. Nokia Company has a slow reaction when they are facing new rivals. (A). Target market The Nokia target market segment consists of specific group of customers like various age groups of people who focuses its marketing efforts. The Nokia target is likely to have two main reasons; the first is to gain profit and secondly is to aim at consumers that need form of communication. For example, it is targeted mostly at consumers with the age of 19-39 years old looking for entertainment. It is to attract them to use this specific brand and to promote itself in the market. Nokia can be described as a means of communication in today technological world. In terms of demographics it can define that Nokia target market apply to marketers commonly use in segmenting markets which also include gender, ethnicity, income, and social class. For example, to attract customers Nokia would have to come out with new ways of improving their cell phones, to add new applications or software to make it unique from its competitors. Not to mention, to gain reputation as a company that manufactures quality and provisionary cell phones. Gender on the other hand is another demographic variable commonly used, for example if Nokia were to aim their products at various age groups they would have to know when, where and how to aim. Thus, results could be astonishing then what seem to be. Ethnicity is a another variable of segmenting markets like Nokia, for example Nokia captures market in Asia hoping to attract buyers and dealers to sell their products and in turn gain status at that. Another is income, it often provides way to divide markets because it strongly influences people product needs. Product like Nokia segmented by income include, cell phones, wireless headset, memory cards and other small parts like battery, cable and installation Cd guide. For social class, consumers tend to be more alike as occupying inferiority or superiority according to their own, thus they are able to move up or down during their lifetime. Psychographics variables of Nokia include personality characteristic, motives and lifestyles, to segment markets. Personality characteristics can be useful for segmentation, like when Nokia is competing with other competitors like Motorola, Samsung, and Sony Ericsson. However, this segmentation can also be very risky, although when appealing to a personality characteristic Nokia also must view opinion from different view. When motives are used, Nokia will probably be divided into different types of categories and likely will be judge by consumers like dealers and buyers. For example, Nokia target from various age groups but mostly aim at 19-39 years old to attract the younger generations into buying their products and hence enjoy growth rate sales as a result. Lastly, behavioral variables for Nokia can be defined as a market according to some feature of consumer behaviors towards it. For example, Nokia can be group into environmentally friendly and will most probably be careful in producing cell phones in the near future due to popular demands. To satisfy the consumers needs Nokia have to be fully aware that setting prices, or even initiate special promotion and distribution activities are very vital in the upbringing of the brand name. For example, a consumer who purchases a cell phone is interested in the specifications or software. Thus, consumers are segmented directly according to their needs and wants. B. Product (Core, Actual and Augmented Products) (Nokia Core Product) As you can see in the picture above, this particular cell phone happens to be a Nokia core product. The design is taken from a famous movie call the Star Wars, this product has many features that are able to solve problems for consumers. For example, if a consumer were to purchase this particular product expects it to be in tip top condition which means brand new and not spoilt. Without the benefits, this product has no value in the market. The actual product of Nokia which includes the core product represents the consumer most basic expectations of a product or service. It is here that basic and identifiable differences between dealers begin to surface. For example, in order to meet expectations of the actual product Nokia has created the product so that consumers have fully understanding of. In the second picture above, it tells that consumers can drag and drop the things that they wan onto the computer using the Nokia cell phone as a mouse. For example, when purchasing this particular device it is also important that a consumer consider the style of the device, the choice of applications, operational software and other extras. Lastly, the augmented products of Nokia, can be define as a bundle for a specific product or service that the consumers expect. For example, the augmentations for a Nokia product may include an extensive warranty and product support package. But it also comes with a disadvantage like differentiating features and consumer needs or wants. Plus such augmentations are not always successful, particularly when its faced in reality majority does not like it because it haves too many hardware or it could also mean that it is too complicated and not user friendly at all. Another reason is that Nokia cell phone could have lots of functions that users find it very difficult to use and instead prefer a less sophisticated cell phone. Hence, consumers should be very careful in choosing the right product to avoid regrets and dissatisfactory results. (Branding, Packaging, Warranties and Customer Service) Nokia branding has been recognize worldwide in today world, Nokia branding strategy involves or shall I say Nokia Group the Finland based manufacturer of mobile has been steadily working on the brand name. Its effectiveness and efficiency has even knock off mobile producer Motorola for the number 1 spot. Nokia has even succeeded in lending their personality and not even give out them names. Not to mention, there are three degrees of brand loyalty which includes recognition, preference and insistence. Brand recognition occurs when consumers see that Nokia exists and views it as an alternative purchase if the preferred brand is unavailable. For example, the Nokia branding strategy proves that its brand can be intangible, including ideas and places. Whereas, brand preference is a stronger degree of brand loyalty and brand insistence occurs when a consumer wants a specific brand like Nokia and will accept no substitute and is willing to spend a great deal of time and effort to acquire it . (Nokia packaging) The picture shows the packaging of Nokia cell phones, packaging functions are manufacture from Nokia on factory and company which is located in Finland. Its purpose is to provide protection from any damages to the cell phone. Another function of this packaging is to offer convenience to consumers and also dealers. For example, the manual guide and installation is provided in the package when consumers buy the cell phone. Not to mention, cable memory card and battery are also put into the box for protection and its also easier to manage rather than splitting them and costing of the outcome is also not cheap. A third function of packaging is also to promote the product by explaining the details of the cell phones like the features, benefits and image to the consumer. Nokia warranties usually include 24 months for the mobile device, twelve months for accessories (whether included in the mobile device sales package or sold separately). Six months for the batteries, chargers, headset and so on and a ninety days period for the replacement, and the repairing of any other items. Lastly, the Nokia Customer Service is usually directed at their website, this is to ensure that consumers do not get the wrong idea and will ask question when is necessary. Consumers can always go to the Nokia website and ask question regarding their cell phone and get feedback from the Nokia Company. Also, remember to ask questions only related to Nokia else questions that do not regard the specific request will most probably be ignored. Also, instead of email-ing those consumers can give Nokia a call also if they find that email is a slow process of having questions being answer slowly. Nokia deserves the right to help those in need of their assistance and requirements. Nokia customer care line is usually the form or means of communicating and getting answers quickly then email. D. Distribution Nokia distribution channels would involve activities that make products available to consumers when and where they want to purchase them. For example, Nokia Corporation has signed with VoIP service of Vyke AS, Mobile IP under the terms of distributing their cell phones or shall I say their products worldwide. This in turns also helps VoIP service of Vyke AS, Mobile IP gain profit and help raise their reputation to be expertise. The ways that consumers can obtain the product is by finding its location of the whereabouts of the Nokia retailer, as for the service of the product consumers can visit the Nokia website for more details and information regarding it. Other channels include TESSCO technologies; to expand the distribution Nokia has selected this particular company to leverage its customer network and superior supply chain management capabilities to open new distribution channels for Nokia cell phone original accessories. Lastly Nokia brilliant strategy is to have its products at the right time and in convenient locations. In dealing with the TESSCO technologies and Vyke AS, it is vital that Nokia carefully plan and strategize their work plan and their workforce together. With these objectives in mind, Nokia will be able to succeed and make its product available to consumers through stores, mail order, catalogues and website ordering. Nowadays, ordering and buying online is one of the common things in consumers. But what is more surprising is how Nokia can achieve it by supplying all the products and in time. The basic strategy of Nokia is to be present in all price ranges. This strategic plan helps them by attracting consumers from around the world to buy their product, for example like the Nokia Smartphone N97 has sold 500,000 since its launch in June. E. Promotion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbxyLnwFSvI http://www.facebook.com/#!/nokia http://blogs.nokia.com/ There are four possible elements of a promotion mix which are advertising, personal selling, public relations and sales promotion. As you can see in the video above you, this is the advertisement of Nokia product n900. We can conclude that advertising is a paid non-personal communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media like the video shown above. Advertising on YouTube also helps consumers to see and review the specifications of the product that they might consider buying it. Not to mention, Nokia nowadays has been so popular that advertising on the social network call Facebook has even pop out. Consumers who have an account with Facebook can also see the ongoing promotions that Nokia has produce. As for the blogs, Nokia has created a website that helps consumers read about the featured articles and helps them gain knowledge about Nokia particular products. Whereas, for personal selling Nokia would probably be paid personal communication that seeks to inform customers and persuade them to purchase products in an exchange situation. Personal selling also consists of three types of communication for Nokia, which are the kinesics communication, proxemic communication, and tactile communication. Kinesics communications are usually movement from the head, eyes, arms hands, legs and body. Nokia form of proxemic communication is by communicating in the physical distance like face to face. For example, a consumer may be displaying

Essay --

There is an old saying that claims that it is better to risk saving a guilty person than to condemn an innocent one. While many choose to follow unjust traditions, others choose to pursue the path of justice. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, the mockingbird is a symbol of innocence that should never be killed; It is harmless and provides a song for the enjoyment of others. Furthermore, three characters from the novel are considered symbolic mockingbirds. Boo Radley, not convicted of any real charges, has fallen into a trap of rumors that have gone around the town. Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white woman with no substantial evidence proving him guilty. He is shot down while trying to escape prison. Lastly, Scout, the narrator of the book, is an innocent five-year-old girl. As the novel progresses, she starts to witness racial prejudice; which is something that no minor should come in contact with during her childhood. By exposing their innocent natures, we see how Boo, Tom Robinson and Scout are the mockingbirds in this novel. In reality, Boo has done nothing wrong. His confinement began when he, along with some other people, had played a prank and gotten into some trouble with the law. Later in his life, a rumor is spread that he had stabbed his father with scissors. Forced to stay in the house for his behavior, Boo becomes the center of gossip and rumors that spread throughout the town. He did not do did any of the things of which he was accused; instead, all he wanted to accomplish was to befriend Jem and Scout. He left them gifts in the oak tree. Scout complains to Jem, â€Å"I’ve been chewin’ it all afternoon and I ain’t dead yet, not even sick† (45). Jem is completely astonished when he discovers that Scout took the ... ... newspaper editor, despises negroes yet supports Tom Robinson: â€Å"Mr. Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting or escaping. He likened Tom’s death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (323). Even though it is obvious that Mr. Underwood does not like negroes, he writes about the injustice done upon Tom Robinson. Similar to killing a mockingbird, Tom is killed for a crime he had never committed and harm that he had never brought. Scout is one of the most innocent people in this book. During the course of this book, she goes through events and experiences, that no child should ever witness at a young age. On one hand, her father Atticus, is trying to teach her to live moral life and make the right decisions. On the other hand however, she is open to influences of a town filled with racism and prejudice.